I've got a few old maps, but my prizes are the 1940 Rand and the 1957 Rand Road Atlases. Both have pretty decent city sections- pre Interstate of course. Interstate construction did kick off in 1956- but what is in the the 1957 as Interstate was 99.9% pre-existing stuff that was re-signed. The first official designated new stretch of Interstate was a section of I-44 in Missouri opened in 1956. Even that had originally been planned as am improvement for US 66.
For more information and for the serious road geek go to
http://www.us-highways.com/ The story of every US "shield" route, including extentions, truncations, realignments and decomissioning. There are also a ton of links to state and city highway sites.
Honestly, I can still spend hours there.